超聲波清洗機(jī)在CSSD中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，但對(duì)超聲波清洗機(jī)的理解和監(jiān)控似乎遠(yuǎn)不如自動(dòng)清洗機(jī)。如果大家都知道超聲波清洗的主要機(jī)理是“空化效應(yīng)”，那我們就來(lái)問(wèn)自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題：什么是空化效應(yīng)

Ultrasonic cleaning machine has been widely used in CSSD, but the understanding and monitoring of ultrasonic cleaning machine seems far less than automatic cleaning machine. If we all know that the main mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning is "cavitation effect", let's ask ourselves a question: what is cavitation effect

超聲波是一種機(jī)械波，可以分為兩種類型。其中一種叫做橫波，就像水波和小麥風(fēng)浪一樣。波浪上方的每一點(diǎn)都是上下起伏的，垂直于其傳播方向，會(huì)產(chǎn)生波峰和波谷。另一種叫做縱波，類似于彈簧振動(dòng)。波上各點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向與其傳播方向一致，產(chǎn)生稀疏部分和密集部分。超聲波是一種產(chǎn)生空化效應(yīng)的方法

Ultrasonic wave is a kind of mechanical wave, which can be divided into two types. One of them is called shear wave, just like water wave and wheat wind wave. Every point above the wave is undulating up and down, perpendicular to its propagation direction, will produce a crest and trough. The other is called longitudinal wave, which is similar to spring vibration. The motion direction of each point on the wave is consistent with its propagation direction, resulting in sparse part and dense part. Ultrasonic wave is a method to produce cavitation effect

將液體加入罐中，通電后將電能轉(zhuǎn)化為超聲波的機(jī)械能。由于超聲波是一種密度變化，液體的壓力也隨之變化。在某一點(diǎn)上，當(dāng)液體處于稀疏部分時(shí)，壓力相當(dāng)于負(fù)壓，水被“撕開(kāi)”，中間出現(xiàn)真空氣泡；然后點(diǎn)變?yōu)槌砻懿糠?，壓縮力增大，小的真空氣泡在聲場(chǎng)的作用下被向內(nèi)擠壓破裂，氣泡在液體中不斷產(chǎn)生，迅速長(zhǎng)大，然后突然閉合。在關(guān)閉瞬間，產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的沖擊波，在沖擊波的作用下，污垢層被剝離。這是“空化”的過(guò)程

The liquid is added into the tank, and the electric energy is converted into the mechanical energy of ultrasonic after being electrified. Because ultrasonic wave is a kind of density change, the pressure of liquid also changes. At a certain point, when the liquid is in the sparse part, the pressure is equivalent to the negative pressure, the water is "torn", and a vacuum bubble appears in the middle; Then the point becomes dense part, the compression force increases, the small vacuum bubble is squeezed inward and ruptured under the action of sound field, the bubble is constantly generated in the liquid, grows rapidly, and then suddenly closes. At the moment of closing, a strong shock wave is generated. Under the action of the shock wave, the dirt layer is peeled off. This is the process of "cavitation"

需要注意的是，這里的“氣泡”和“爆炸”不同于我們每天看到的“氣球吹”和“氣球爆炸”。水更流動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗餂](méi)有空間。它只是一個(gè)被縱波形成的相對(duì)負(fù)壓撕裂的小空間。它的爆炸不是向外爆炸，而是向內(nèi)收縮，恢復(fù)液體的連續(xù)狀態(tài)

It should be noted that the "bubble" and "explosion" here are different from the "balloon blowing" and "balloon explosion" we see every day. The water is more fluid because there is no space in it. It is just a small space torn by the relative negative pressure formed by the longitudinal wave. Its explosion is not outward explosion, but inward contraction, to restore the continuous state of liquid

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